Ebola viral disease prevention linkedin slideshare. Jan 14, 2020 ebola virus disease evd news, resources and funding for global health researchers ebola hemorrhagic fever is an acute viral disease that often leads to severe illness and death in humans and other primates. Ebola virus then spreads from person to person through direct contact with blood or body fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from ebola virus disease. Ebola virus disease evd, also known as ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf or simply ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. An overview of ebola virus disease ayten kadanali, gul karagoz department of infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, umraniye training and research hospital, istanbul, turkey abstract ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Deployed in an operational environment characterised by ongoing volatility, evd prevention, treatment and containment efforts have faced multiple difficulties. Recent outbreaks in west africa reveal that this infection has the. Additionally, plasma transfusions from convalescent patients and an experimental antibody preparation have been used to treat certain patients. Aug 10, 2014 ebola and other hemorrhagic viral fevers are deadly diseases with death rates from 4090%. Ebola virus disease ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Between 2016 and 2019, 265 cases of zika virus zikv infection were reported in vietnam, predominantly in southern vietnam. This process often damages or destroys infected cells. Ebola virus disease evd cdna national guidelines for public health units. Illustration of filovirus genome in antigenome viral complementary sense.
Human diseases pdf download notes for ssc cgl 2017,upsc,nda,cds a. Symptombased ebola risk score for ebola virus disease. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body as the virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune. Pdf ebola virus disease, management, and prevention. Ebola virus disease is caused by infection with a virus of the family filoviridae, genus ebolavirus. It belongs to a family of viruses that cause viral haemorrhagic fever vhf. Ebola virus disease ebola or evd is a rare disease that causes severe symptoms and can be lifethreatening. Evidence of the effect of disease, since the early stages of human speciation, through prehistorical times to the present suggest that the. The only one of these viruses that poses a potential threat is hepatitis e, a virus that clinically looks like hav, causes an acute infection, and is spread by the fecal. Ebola and other hemorrhagic viral fevers are deadly diseases with death rates from 4090%. Ebola virus disease information for nih clinical center staff. In conclusion, we want to alert physicians and public health agencies who encounter persons that have clinical signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic fever disease to the reemergence of ebola virus. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Disease takes its name from ebola river situated in the village where outbreak occurred.
Economic activity and the spread of viral diseases. This fact sheet will provide an overview of ebola viral disease and methods to protect potentially exposed healthcare workers. A very small number of people in the united states, who were infected with the fourth type of the virus, known as ebola reston, did not develop any signs of disease. Ebola virus disease evd is one of the most virulent pathogens among viral hemorrhagic fevers affecting economically deprived countries of the world with reported case fatality rates of up to 90% due to multiorgan failure and severe bleeding complications. Viruses cause familiar infections such as the common cold, but they also cause severe illnesses. Evd outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%. Nov 05, 2019 symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after contact with the virus, with an average of 8 to 10 days. Ebola virus disease evd was first recognised in 1976, with multiple subsequent outbreaks confined to subsaharan africa. The western african ebola virus epidemic 202016 was the most widespread outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in historycausing major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in guinea, liberia and sierra leone. The latest epidemic of ebola virus disease evd in the democratic republic of congo drc has rapidly evolved into the second largest outbreak in history.
Content introduction transmission mode of infection pathogenesis symptoms prevention 3. For a patient to be suspected of having ebola virus disease, heshe must meet the following clinical and epidemiological criteria. This news comes just two years after international control efforts eventually contained an ebola outbreak in west africa, though before control was achieved, more than 11,000 people diedthe largest known ebola outbreak in human history 1. More than a decade ago, ebola scientists noted clinical similarities between ebola and septic shock. At the time of writing, total figures from this outbreak alone were estimated to be 25,515.
Ebola viral disease evd gajula nagaraju1, chitturi dayakar1, badugu karunakar1, edunuri rajesh2, bommidi manoj2, guguloth bhaskar3 1, 1, 2, 3 dhanvanthari institute of pharmaceutical sciences, sujathanagar507120, telangana, india. The infection typically affects multiple organs in the body and is often accompanied by hemorrhage. Ebola virus disease evd, formerly ebola hemorrhagic feverehf is a zoonotic disease caused by ebola virus. For domestic pigs, the likelihood of acting as biological carriers can therefore be considered very low. Human to human transmission occurs via infected fluids and needles one of the. This manual, investigating the role of bats in emerging zoonoses. Towards detection and diagnosis of ebola virus disease at.
Balancing ecology, conservation and public health interests is an introduction to the complex issues associated with a one health approach to understanding the biology and ecological importance of bats, and the drivers of zoonotic disease emergence from bats to people. Medical practitioners managing returning travelers from visiting affected areas with compatible symptoms are advised to take into. As of november 14, 2014, the world health organization has reported a total of 21,296 ebola virus disease evd. It is not directly applicable for lassa fever, or for vectorborne viral haemorrhagic fevers vhfs. The ministry of health and who continue to closely monitor the outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in the democratic republic of the congo. This is not the case for influenza and gastroenteritis, as the viruses involved mutate. A viral disease is any illness or health condition caused by a virus. Ebola virus disease has no cure, but supportive care in a hospital setting can increase a patients chance for survival. The outbreak in 2014 in guinea, sierra leone and liberia is the largest in history. The course of the illness typically progresses from dry symptoms initially such as fever, aches and pains, and fatigue, and then progresses to wet symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting as the person becomes sicker. Investi gation of the course of a viral disease, as well as societal responses to it, provides a ready means to study the role of social policies and social behavior of disease in general.
History of ebola virus disease error processing ssi file. People can get evd through direct contact with an infected animal bat or nonhuman primate or a sick or dead person infected with ebola virus. Both viruses are native to africa, where sporadic outbreaks have occurred for decades. The infection typically affects multiple organs in. It is caused by infection or reactivation of herpes simplex virus. Ebola virus disease ebola hemorrhagic fever first appeared in 1976 with two concurrent outbreaks of acute viral hemorrhagic fever involving 284 cases 151 deaths 53% centred in nzara, sudan, and 318 cases 280 deaths 88% in yambuku near the ebola river, democratic republic of congo. The ebola symptombased risk esr score, consisting of 6 symptoms conjunctivitis, diarrhea, nauseavomiting, headache, difficulty breathing, loss of. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of ebola virus disease will be presented here, including knowledge that emerged during and after the west african epidemic of ebola virus disease.
The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This forestedge response replicates the pattern determined for other villages in the sample. However, case fatality rates range between twentyfive and ninety percent in previous outbreaks of evd. The vnn disease is the most devastating viral infection among marine finfish. Purpose ebola virus disease evd is a viral hemorrhagic fever that is highly transmissible and all too often rapidly fatal. Ebola viral disease evd is one of numerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. Ebola virus disease evd news, resources and funding for. On average evd fatalities is a result of fifty percent of all cases.
The first outbreak occurred in the democratic republic of congo formerly zaire in a village near the ebola river, which gave the virus its name. Treating the host response to emerging virus diseases. May 30, 2017 there are new reports of an outbreak of ebola virus disease in the democratic republic of congo. Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after contact with the virus, with an average of 8 to 10 days. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf ebola viral disease. Investigating the role of bats in emerging zoonoses. It is a severe, often fatal disease in humans and non. Viral skin diseases are classified by clinical features into three types. Ebola hemorrhagic fever ebola hf is one of numerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. For this particular disease, infected individuals acquire a lifelong immunity.
Ebola virus disease evd news, resources and funding for global health researchers ebola hemorrhagic fever is an acute viral disease that often leads to severe illness and death in humans and other primates. From experience, we know that many different elements can contribute to the emergence of a new virus disease. Prevention and control measures for hospitals 4 for all febrile travellers from a malariaendemic area e. Ebola virus disease evd is caused by the ebola virus, an rna virus that was first identified in 1976. At its onset, a patient may experience fatigue, fever, headache, sore throat and pain in the joints and muscles.
A member of the ring vaccination team vaccinates a man in bosolo village. Plant pathology is the study of plant disease including the reasons why plants get sick and how to control or manage healthy plants. The initial symptoms are so common that the centers for disease control and. This can happen when a person touches the infected body fluids or objects that are contaminated with them, such as medical equipment like needles and syringes. Ebola virus disease evd cdna national guidelines for.
Infection prevention and control measures for ebola virus disease 26 september 2014, stockholm background the unprecedented magnitude and geographic extent of the ebola viral disease evd outbreak in west africa has overwhelmed the local response capacity, posing an extreme challenge for outbreak containment. The human disease has so far been limited to parts of africa. Ebola virus disease evd, or simply ebola, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Ebola virus disease and ebola vaccines history of vaccines. Ebola virus and marburg virus are related viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers illnesses marked by severe bleeding hemorrhage, organ failure and, in many cases, death. Evd outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in central and west africa, near tropical rainforests.
A viral infection can lead to a spectrum of symptoms from asymptomatic no overt symptoms to severe disease. Ebola virus and marburg virus mayo clinic mayo clinic. It is a severe, often fatal, disease in humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys, gorillas and chimpanzees. Ebola virus disease evd cdna national guidelines for public.
On 27 june 2018, all the people who were exposed to the last confirmed evd casepatient completed their mandatory 21day follow up without developing symptoms. Ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a rare but severe, often fatal illness in humans. The chances of a person who has ebola virus disease recovering depends on the quality of supportive health care the person gets. In march 2014, the largest ebola outbreak in history exploded across west africa. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ebola virus disease are discussed elsewhere. They are caused by some genetic abnormality or metabolic disorder or malfunctioning of an organ. Three have been reported to cause disease in humans.
Currently, treatment of ebola virus disease involves supportive care, managing the symptoms of the disease, and complications as they appear. Aug 10, 2014 facts1 evd is severe and lethal disease fatality ratemore than 90% outbreaks primarily occurs in tropical area of central and west africa it is caused by virus five types virus identified transmission occurs to human via infected animals and animal materials. Evidence of the effect of disease, since the early stages of human speciation, through prehistorical times to the present suggest that the types of viruses associated with man changed in time. Ebola virus disease national library of medicine pubmed. Ebolazaire virus, ebolasudan virus, and ebolaivory coast virus. Ebola virus disease evd, one of the deadliest viral diseases, was discovered in 1976 when two consecutive outbreaks of fatal hemorrhagic fever occurred in different parts of central africa. Reemergence of ebola virus in africa centers for disease. Viral infection viral infection symptoms medlineplus. Recommendations for the management of viral hemorrhagic fevers attributable to filoviruses in the united states were recently published in cdcs. The first evd outbreak was reported in the 1970s in zaire now the democratic.
Ebola virus disease evd is a lifethreatening viral disease with a fatality rate ranging from around 30% to 90%. Facts1 evd is severe and lethal disease fatality ratemore than 90% outbreaks primarily occurs in tropical area of central and west africa it is caused by virus five types virus identified transmission occurs to human via infected animals and animal materials. Outbreaks of vnn caused up to 70% mortality in fry fig. When the outbreak of ebola virus disease appeared in west africa in 2014, experience with treating the host response in patients with sepsis, pneumonia and influenza suggested the same approach might improve outcomes in. There are new reports of an outbreak of ebola virus disease in the democratic republic of congo. The interaction of man with viral agents was possibly a key factor shaping human evolution, culture and civilization from its outset.
Ebola virus disease evd is a rare and deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates. But this factor largely dropped out of the picture 7. This protocol is specifically for responding to evd, but would also be relevant for responding to a suspectedconfirmed case of marburg haemorrhagic fever. Ebola virus has been associated with epidemics in africa and is capable of causing severe disease in humans. Ebola virus and marburg virus live in animal hosts, and humans can contract the. Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys.
The viruses that cause evd are located mainly in subsaharan africa. Jul 27, 2014 ebola virus disease ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Ebola virus disease in the light of epidemiological triad. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Human diseases pdf download notes for ssc cgl 2017,upsc,nda. Ebola virus disease evd outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in central and west africa near rainforests.
1479 199 1345 473 904 848 1287 1080 115 1294 841 113 814 1016 937 1630 508 866 625 345 1019 1530 815 1492 699 945 1137 626 426 1379 1103 429